• Focus sur : la manifestation du 11 novembre 1943 (II)

    (Travail de recherche effectué par deux étudiants lors de l'année scolaire 1974-1975, à l'Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Grenoble)

    Le Commandant Nal effectue un récit détaillé et précis des mouvements de manifestants qui semblent un instant se diviser, quand ils arrivent, venus du cour Jean Jaurès par la rue d'Alsace-Lorraine sur la place Victor Hugo mais se regroupent finalement pour déboucher près du monument aux Diables Bleus à midi.

    Focus sur : la manifestation du 11 novembre 1943

    Lucienne Gosse (...) assure que le rassemblement commença place Grenette et précise : "Les Allemands manoeuvrèrent de façon à repousser les manifestants jusque sur la grande place qui est devant le Parc des Expositions. Là, ils les cernèrent et plusieurs centaines de participants ou de simples passants furent pris au piège (...).

    Selon le Commandant Nal, les manifestants ont réussi à atteindre le monument, y déposer des fleurs, y accrocher un drapeau tricolore. Un officier de gendarmerie monté sur une borne appelle à la dispersion et au moment où la police française, sous les ordres du commissaire central Toussaint, canalise la foule vers le centre de la ville, des forces allemandes sorties des bâtiments de la place encerclent un millier de manifestants. L'interposition de forces françaises de police évite peut-être un carnage, ses chefs sont d'abord arrêtés, désarmés et fouillés. Les Allemands effectuent soudain un mouvement tournant, isolant un millier de manifestants, qui sont poussés vers un enclos improvisé ceint de fil de fer.

    Le samedi 13 novembre, des camions gardés par des hommes armés jusqu'aux dents, équipés de mitrailleuses braquées sur la rue emmènent à la gare 500 prisonniers (...).

    Les deux chercheurs ont ensuite étudié la composition de cette "population" de ces manifestants. Le fichier du NAP (Noyautage de l'Administration Publique) leur donnait une bonne base de départ, au minimum un nom et un prénom, souvent, en plus, une adresse et parfois une profession, pour 320 personnes arrêtées et déportées. (...) Ils ont donc dépouillé systématiquement aux Archives départementales les listes électorales de la période 1936-1943. Au terme de ce travail, ils disposaient de fichiers pour 160 personnes : identité, âge, profession, lieu d'habitation. Ils se sont alors tournés vers l'Association des Anciens Déportés du 11 novembre 1943 (10 rue Colbert, à Grenoble) : (...) les fiches ont été reprises une par une. (...) Ils ont ensuite formulé une conclusion sous forme de questions : 

    • A quelle couche sociale appartenaient-ils ?
    • Quel âge avaient-ils ?
    • D'où venaient-ils ?

    A la première question, ils répondent que (...) le gros des manifestants étaient des ouvriers et des employés, accompagnés d'un certain nombre d'artisans et petits commerçants. Il n'y a pas dans les fiches de noms de représentants de la bourgeoisie grenobloise (...).

    A la deuxième question, ils répondant que les manifestants comprenaient un très grand nombre de jeunes, puisque 46 % des personnes concernées par l'étude avaient alors entre 15 et 25 ans (...).

    A la troisième question, ils répondent que les manifestants de Grenoble venaient avant tout des quartiers qui, avant la guerre, votaient à gauche et à l'extrême-gauche, ceux qui avaient été "les points chauds" de l'été 1936. (...) Le contingent de manifestants venant des communes avoisinantes apparaît comme dominé par deux communes : Fontaine (comme avec une forte implantation du Parti Communiste) et Echirolles (citadelle ouvrière, avec l'usine de la Viscose).

    Une question n'est pas résolue : par qui, comment et sous quelle forme s'est effectuée la mise en garde de ne pas manifester le 11 novembre ? Aucun document ne figure dans les annexes ; aucune précision n'est donnée. Sur ce terrain, l'union sacrée a joué : cette divergence-là, qui a peut-être été très coûteuse, a en tout cas été enterrée très profondément.

    Les deux étudiants concluent : "il ne s'agit pas d'action de réseaux clandestins menée par des "permanents", ni de l'action de groupes de partisans armés, ayant quitté leur milieu social et professionnel, une "armée de l'ombre". Les manifestants du 11 novembre 1943 ont quitté l'usine, l'atelier ou le bureau le 10 au soir. Le 12, ils sont en prison ou retournent au travail".

     

    (Source : Mémoires de déportés : Musée de la Résistance et de la déportation) 

    Yahoo!

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